Speaking with Autocar, Marc Lichte indicated that Audi may produce a rival to the BMW 8 Series. However, low demand could pose problems for green-lighting such a car. “I love the shape of a two-door coupé, but it is also true that the [sales] volumes [for them] are much lower than for four-doors,” he said. “In the future, who knows? We have many ideas in this direction.”

The Prologue concept influenced the design of the new Audi A7. But it was also thought to serve as the inspiration for a possible A9 flagship coupe. Incidentally, one of Lichte’s first projects at Audi was the Prologue.

The non-exclusive partnerships mark the first deals for the young Silicon Valley company and show how some automakers have chosen to partner with technology companies with more experience in artificial intelligence, deep learning and robotics in order to save time and money bringing self-driving cars to market.

Aurora was founded in 2016 by robotics expert Drew Bagnell, Chris Urmson, who came from Alphabet Inc.’s Google, and Sterling Anderson, who formerly worked at Tesla Inc.

Aurora and Volkswagen said they had been working together over the past six months to integrate Aurora’s sensors, hardware and software into VW’s electric vehicles to develop self-driving ride services in cities.

In a statement, Volkswagen said the self-driving technology can be integrated over time across the automaker’s brands and in different product categories, whether self-driving pods, shuttles, delivery vans or self-driving trucks.

For Hyundai, Aurora’s technology will be incorporated into custom-developed models and tested in markets including China. Hyundai said the first model to be used in testing will be its latest generation fuel-cell vehicle, debuting at the CES technology conference in Las Vegas next week.

Under the alliance, Hyundai plans to commercialize level 4 autonomous vehicles — which can operate without human input or oversight under select conditions — in unidentified «pilot smart cities» by 2021.

This is the first announcement on a self-driving technology partnership by the South Korean carmaker, which has traditionally shunned tie-ups in favor of developing technology in-house. The strategy has raised investor concerns that it may be left behind in the race for self-driving and electric cars.

A company spokeswoman said Hyundai has «various collaborations» under way in self-driving technology and would continue to pursue cooperation.

Within the self-driving car space, Waymo is offering something similar. The tech company has been working with Fiat Chrysler since 2016 to outfit its Chrysler Pacifica minivans with autonomous technology. Waymo plans to launch a fully autonomous ride-hailing service early next year in Phoenix, Arizona.

Urmson said that while each carmaker partnership requires close collaboration to integrate the self-driving system, the technology is «quite transferable» between vehicle models and manufacturers.